Salbi Abasova

Key words: evolution, cerebral cortex, motor impulses, morphofunctional, reflex

Salbi Aghamehdi Abasova

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BRAIN EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL

ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN CORTEX

Summary. The structure of the cerebral cortex is heterogeneous. In 1863, the Kiev anatomist V.A. Betz discovered noticeable differences between the anterior (motor) and posterior (sensitive) areas of the brain. Later it was found that these differences were not only morphological, but also functional. The cerebral cortex is made up of six layers of cells. The lower layers are devices that directly connect the cerebral cortex with the sense organs and muscles, that is, the periphery. In the cortex there are areas of general sensitivity, vision and hearing. There are fibers that carry motor impulses to the muscles and form the motor or pyramidal tract of the brain.