Qazanfar Musa Aliyev

ABOUT SUBSTANCES NECESSARY FOR THE VITAL ACTIVTIY OF THE HUMAN BODY, IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING BIOLOGY

Abstract. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the important role of micronutrients (vitamins, vitamin-like substances, trace elements, and other biologically active components) and macronutrients in ensuring the normal functioning of the human body. It is shown that, although micronutrients are required in small amounts, they are indispensable for the regulation of biochemical processes, the implementation of enzymatic reactions, hematopoiesis, immune defense, and the functioning of the nervous system. Macronutrients, in turn, form the structural basis of the body, ensuring water-salt balance, acid–base equilibrium, and the formation of bone tissue.

Keywords: proteins, fats, vitamins, photosynthesis